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+<H2>Agricultural land use and environmental indicators at 1x1 km grid resolution<BR> - derived by spatial downscaling of economic model results</H2>
+<hr style="color: 'blue'; height: '2'; text-align: 'left';">
+Project co-ordination: Wolfgang Britz
+<hr style="color: 'blue'; height: '2'; text-align: 'left';">
+<P><B>Environmental impact assessment</B> of farm management decisions is often only possible in a spatial context, taking local conditions as land cover, climatic and soil conditions
+into account. Equally, farm management decisions depend to a larger extent on those local factors. Therefore, CAPRI aims at developping
+data bases and tools at an appropriate spatial resolution to support monitoring and ex-ante assessment of environmental impacts of agriculture.</P>
+<div style="float:right;padding:20px"><a href="images\scen.jpg"><img style="text-decoration: none;border: none;color: white;" src="images\scen.jpg" width="500px"/></a></div>
+<P><B>Prospective impact assessment</B>, e.g. of</P>
+<ul>
+<li>changes in agricultural policies or the farming structure</li>
+<li>of technical progress</li>
+<li>of population growth</li>
+<li>or general changes in the economy as the development of a market for bio-fuels</li>
+</ul><P>require combined economic-environmental tools. <I>CAPRI</I> is therefore a component in different research projects
+(<a class="intext" href="http://www.lucsus.lu.se/html/sensor.aspx">SENSOR</a>, <a class="intext" href="http://www.ccat.wur.nl/UK">CCAT</a>)
+developing such tools or combining economic and environmental tools in impact assessment.</P>
+<P>The data made presented on those web pages are estimated for so called <a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:concept:HSMU">Homogeneous Soil Mapping Units</a>, clusters of 1x1 km cells covering the agricultural area of the EU27,
+consistently downscaled from data for administrative regions as comprised in the data base of CAPRI. We offer the possibility to <a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:gui:spatView">view online</a>
+selected down-scaled results and indicators derived from them for France.</P>
+<BR>
+ <UL>
+ <LI><P><B>Indicators characterising impacts of agriculture on the environment:</B>
+ <UL>
+    <LI><a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:concept:nBal">Nitrogen balances</a></LI>
+    <LI>Phosphate balance</LI>
+    <LI><a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:concept:Ammo">Gasesous emissions of Nitrogen, mainly Ammonia</a></LI>
+    <LI><a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:concept:SpatGHG">Emissions of gases relevant for climate change</a></LI>
+    <LI><a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:concept:StockDens">Animal stocking densities</a></LI>
+    <LI><a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:concept:SpatYields">Irrigation shares</a> and irrigation water abstraction</LI>
+    <LI><a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:concept:HNV">High Nature value farmland index</a></LI>
+ </UL>
+ <P>all expressed per ha of agricultural land</P></LI>
+ <LI><P><B>Some basic climate and soil parameters, slope and elevation</B>, as major explanatory variables used in the downscaling process</P></LI>
+ <LI><P><B>Selected <a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:concept:econInd">economic performance indicators</a>:</B> revenues, variable production costs, gross margins; all expressed per ha of utilisable agricultural land</P></LI>
+ <LI><P><B>Estimates from a <a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:concept:DNDCMeta">statistical meta-model of the bio-physical model DNDC</a></B> as nitrous oxid emission, nitrate leaching or water transpiration by crops</P></LI>
+ </UL>
+<P>The basic methodology for spatial down-scaling had been jointly developped by the Joint Research Centre and the Institute for Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn,
+  to a large extent in the context of the <a class="intext" href="http://www.ilr1.uni-bonn.de/agpo/rsrch/dynaspat/dynaspat_e.htm">CAPRI-Dynaspat project</a>. The team from JRC comprised members
+  of the AgriEnv action, as well as of the Climate Change Unit.
+  The down-scaled data are produced by statistical estimators for <a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:concept:SpatCrops">cropping shares,</a> <a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:concept:SpatYields">crop yields</a>,
+   <a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:concept:StockDens">animal stocking densities</A>, and <a class="intext" HREF="/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=capri:concept:spatFert">fertilizer application rates</a>, starting from the regional data base
+  of CAPRI. The data presented online  cover a three year average 2001-2003, but data set had also been projected to 2013 and estimated for counter-factual policy scenarios.</P>
+ <P>The data and methodology allows the <I>AgriEnv</I> action at JRC-IES
+ to perform environmental impact assessment of the Common Agricultural Policy, both ex-ante as in a forward looking exercises. <i>Agri-Env</i> has in 2007 used the methodology to
+ forecast the probable development of gross nitrogen balances and the share of High Nature Value farmland in the EU up to 2013, in close co-operation with DG-AGRI and
+ the <a class="intext" HREF="http://www.jrc.es/activities/agriculture/sustag.cfm">SUSTAG</a> action of IPTS/Sevilla. For 2008, an analysis of impacts of increased bio-fuel production in the EU is planned by down-scaling and analysing results of CAPRI bio-fuel scenarios.
+ Parts of the down-scaled data set are used in large-scale European research projects as <a class="intext" href="http://www.seamless-ip.org/">SEAMLESS</a> and <a class="intext" href="http://www.lucsus.lu.se/html/sensor.aspx">SENSOR</a>.<P>
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